Working through the law

Sermon preached at St Alphege, Solihull, 6.30pm, Sunday 18/02/07
Year C – Sunday before Lent
Readings: Deuteronomy 11:18-21&26-28 Romans 1:16-17 & 3:26-28


Over the last week the young people of the UK have been in the news. The main reason has been gun crime; tragically, three teenagers have been killed in separate gun incidents in London. The other big news story featuring young people has been a new UNICEF report, that suggests that the UK has the lowest level of child well being among all of the rich nations of the world. The report suggests that countries such as Poland and the Czech Republic, despite being significantly poorer than the UK, provide much better environments for children and young people to grow up in.
I don’t know about you, but I have been fascinated to watch the political reaction to these two news topics. Tony Blair has discounted the UNICEF report, saying that it is based on out of date data. He has said that the gun crime is not part of a general problem but is a specific difficulty affecting certain young people in parts of London. He proposes tougher laws on young people caught holding illegal firearms. He also wants to see gang membership as a factor to be taken account in sentencing. David Cameron says that he has grown tired of changes to the law, and extra money to finance new initiatives. He emphasises the importance of a change in values so that family life is given higher priority. He wants to see a broader cultural change in which relationships are properly valued.
These two contrasting political positions are very different in their approach to law. Mr Blair believes that the law, or changes to the law, can be used to directly address particular problems in our society. Mr Cameron sees law very differently. He wants the law to concentrate on building a healthier value based culture in our society, so that problems like gun crime do not arise in the first place.
A similar contrast in approach to the law is evident in the two readings that we heard earlier in this service. In the first reading Moses is reminding the Israelites just how important the Law is. In the second reading St Paul is telling us that our salvation comes from faith in the gospel of Jesus Christ, and not by obedience to the Law. We are therefore invited to reflect on the Jewish Law, on law in general and on law as we experience it today.
The first five books of the bible, which Christians often call the Pentateuch, are known by Jews as the Torah, which means “teaching” or “law”. They contain stories like the call of Abraham and the exodus from Egypt, which define the Israelites as God’s chosen people. The five books also contain lots of rules and regulations which God asks the Israelites to live by. These rules and regulations were known as “the law”. In the part of the book of Deuteronomy that we have just read, God’s deal with the Israelites is set out very clearly. The Israelites were to keep all the commandments of the law and if they did then God would bless them and give them possession of the promised land, the land flowing with milk and honey, but if they did not follow the ways of the Lord and keep his commandments then they would be cursed and would loose the promised land.
Much of the Old Testament is precisely the story of that deal. The Israelites alternately seem to drift away from God, who strips them of the promised land. Over a period of time they repent, return to God and eventually are returned to the promised land.
When Jesus comes, his attitude towards the law is very interesting. Jesus strongly emphasised the importance some of the underlying principles set out in the law. For example the commandments “Love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength.” (Deut 6:5, cf 11:13) and “Love your neighbour as yourself” (Lev 19:18). Jesus strongly affirmed these principles, saying “On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets.” (Matt 22:40). The law also contained the Ten Commandments and held these as central. Jesus upheld the Ten Commandments and even developed them further. For example, he said, “You have heard that it was said to the people long ago, `Do not murder, and anyone who murders will be subject to judgment.' But I tell you that anyone who is angry with his brother will be subject to judgment.” (Matt 5:21 see also 5:27).
Jesus lives most of his life in simple obedience to the law. As a baby he was presented in the temple, in accordance with the law. With his disciples, he observed the religious festivals set down in the law. However there are times when Jesus appears to go deliberately against the law. He allows his disciples to pick wheat on the Sabbath, and he works healing miracles on the Sabbath (Matt 12:3-14). Jesus is extremely critical of Pharisees who use the detailed regulations of the law to avoid fulfilling the more central obligation to “honour you father and mother”. He also pronounces all food as “clean” contrary to the detailed regulations (Matt 15:1-20). And yet Jesus remains a strong supporter of the law. He tells us that he has not come to abolish the law, but rather to fulfil it. “Not a single jot or pen stroke of the law will disappear until everything has been accomplished,” he tells us (Matt 5:17-20).
Jesus seems to be telling us how to interpret the law. He is always emphasising that the central obligation is to love God and to be obedient to God’s will. The love of neighbour is another central obligation and these central obligations always take precedence over the detailed regulations. Jesus also emphasises that he himself is of greater significance than the law. “The son of man is the Lord of the Sabbath,” he tells us (Matt 12:8) He also tells us that his disciples are correct not to fast when the bridegroom is still with them, although they will fast when he is gone (Mark 2:19-20).
And it is this point about the overriding value of the person of Christ that Paul makes in the reading that we had from the book of Romans. It is faith in Jesus Christ and in the gospel that brings us righteousness and justification. Paul is at pains to point out that this is true both for Jews, who grew up under the law, and for gentiles, who did not. So where does this leave us in the debate about gun crime, and the well being of children. Well it seems to me that Mr Cameron has a very good point. We should seek to use the law to build a healthy society based on good values, rather than hoping that we can solve our problems through detailed regulations. However the key question for Mr Cameron has to be “What are the underlying values on which this healthy renewed culture is to be based?” Are they solid and enduring Christ like values; love for God, obedience to God’s will and love for neighbour? Or are they based on nothing more substantive than Mr Cameron’s own personal opinions.
Who knows if we will ever find out? In the mean time, however, let’s make sure that we base our own lives on the substantive and solid values that we find in the person of Christ.